To investigate the role and mechanism of antibody-catalyzed water oxidation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by observing its peroxidation damage of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in rats. Methods The rat VSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, and the rat neutrophils were activated by phorbol ester (PMA) to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) promoting antibody to play a catalytic role in the oxidation of wate. The mortality and proliferation of VSMCs were evaluated via trypan blue and CCK-8,respectively.The intracellular expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, and the lipid peroxidation product was determined using malondialdehyde (MDA) method, respectively. Results When VSMCs were incubated with neutrophils and PMA, the mortality and proliferation of VSMCs, the cell mortality, proliferation ability, intracellular PCNA expression level and lipid peroxidation products were significantly increased, and its level of increase was further enhanced by the co-incubation of IgG. Conclusion The antibody-catalyzed water oxidation may be involved in the oxidative damage of vascular smooth muscle cells