【Abstract】 Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bad glucose control accelerate patients’ progression to endstage kidney disease (ESKD). As an important comorbidity of diabetes, CKD will considerably increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events, bringing substantial economic burden to the whole society. Hopefully, the emergence of new antihyperglycemic agents during the last decade can provide cardiovascular and renal protection, especially for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and CKD. However they can be costprohibitive in some scenarios. 〖JP2〗In this editorial, their clinical significance and costeffectiveness will be discussed according to the 〖JP2〗recommendations of the uptodate KDIGO guideline, in order to provide scientific basis for guiding clinical individualized medication.