【Abstract】Objective To establish a simple and effective method for the purification and primary culture of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Methods OPCs were isolated from neonatal SD rat cortex by antiA2B5 microbeads and cultured in vitro. OPCs were induced by to differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs). The morphology and biomarkers of OLs were examined through immunofluorescence staining. Results The cultured cells exhibited typical OPCs morphology with bipolar and tripolar bumps, and more than 95% of these cells expressed A2B5. After differentiation, the OPCs progressively differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes which specifically expressed myelin basic protein (MBP) Conclusion High quality and purified OPCs were obtained by antiA2B5 microbeads isolation in vitro, and these OPCs can be differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes.