【Abstract】Objective To explore expression of serum Von HippelLindau (VHL), hypoxiainducible factor1 (HIF1α) and hypoxiainducible factor2 (HIF2α) in renal carcinoma patients and their correlation with prognosis. Methods Eightytwo patients with renal carcinoma admitted to the hospital from March 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled as renal carcinoma group. 51 healthy people were enrolled as control group. The enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine levels of VHL, HIF1α and HIF2α in both groups. Results The level of VHL in renal carcinoma group was significantly lower than that in control group, while levels of HIF1α and HIF2α were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜005). The level of VHL in renal carcinoma patients at stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ after surgery was higher than that before surgery. VHL level in patients at stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ was higher than that at stage Ⅲ (P＜005). The levels of HIF1α and HIF2α in renal carcinoma patients at stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅲ after surgery were lower than those before surgery. And the above indexes in patients at stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ were lower than those at stage Ⅲ (P＜005). The expression levels of serum VHL, HIF1α and HIF2α in renal carcinoma patients were not related with age or gender (P＞005), while related with lesion diameter, lymph node metastasis, pathological grading and TNM staging (P＜005). The 3year survival rate of renal cancer carcinoma was not related with age or gender (P＞005). The 3year survival rate of patients with VHL high expression was significantly higher than that with VHL low expression (8333% vs 6000%) (P＜005), while 3year survival rates of patients with high expression of HIF1α and HIF2α were significantly lower than those with low expression of HIF1α, HIF2α (5098%, 5217% vs 7742%, 8055%) (P＜005). The low expression of serum VHL, high expression of serum HIF1α and HIF1α were independent risk factors of postoperative kidney failure in renal carcinoma patients. The level of VHL was negatively correlated with occurrence of renal carcinoma, while HIF1α and HIF2α were positively correlated with it (P＜005). The optimal cutoff values of serum VHL, HIF1α and HIF2α for predicting renal carcinoma patients were 37978, 771 and 095, respectively. AUC of combination prediction of the three was greater than that of VHL (Z=8268, P＜005), HIF1α (Z=8268, P＜005) and HIF2α (Z=8268, P＜005). Conclusion Serum VHL, HIF1α and HIF2α can be applied as important indexes to determine occurrence and development of renal carcinoma. They can not only affect shortterm survival rate of patients, but also are of good prediction value for prognosis of renal carcinoma patients. They can be applied as molecular markers of prognosis prediction. The combination application of the three can improve prediction ability of prognosis.