Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the expression of serum neuropeptide Y (NPY) and insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in adult obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and analyze their relationship with cognitive function. Methods 180 adult patients diagnosed as OSAHS by PSG in Haikou People's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the study objects. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), they were divided into cognitive dysfunction group (n=100) and recognition function normal group (n=80). 100 healthy adults (excluding OSAHS by PSG) were selected as the subjects Control group. The differences of serum NPY and IGF-1 in each group were compared. The clinical value of NPY and IGF-1 to OSAHS was analyzed by ROC curve. Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between serum NPY and IGF-1 and the severity of cognitive function (MoCA score) of OSAHS. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of cognitive impairment in OSAHS. Results The difference of serum NPY and IGF-1 between the three groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). NPY of cognitive dysfunction group was higher than that of normal cognitive function group and control group (P<0.05). IGF-1 in cognitive dysfunction group was lower than that in normal cognitive function group and control group. The ROC curve showed that serum NPY and IGF-1 had a certain diagnostic value for OSAHS, and had a certain differential diagnostic value for cognitive dysfunction of OSAHS. The combination of the two could have a significant effect. Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum NPY was negatively correlated with MOCA score (r=-0.608, P=0.023). There was a positive correlation between IGF 1 and MOCA score (r=0.742, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the course of disease, serum NPY and IGF 1 were the independent risk factors (P<0.05). Conclusion The abnormal expression of NPY and IGF-1 in serum of adult OSAHS is closely related to the cognitive function of patients, which is expected to be an effective index for the diagnosis of OSAHS and the differential diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction.