Abstract:【Abstract】Objective To research the curative efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on change of spontaneous brain activity in patients with uremic insomnia by using Amplitude of Low Frequency Frequency(ALFF) and clinical assessments.Methods 31 patients assigned to rTMS treatment group (21 cases) and blank control group (10 cases). The patients in the rTMS treatment group received 1 Hz rTMS treatment for 15 days and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) score and ALFF were assessed before and after treatment. The patients in the blank control group ,the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) were assessed before and after 15 days. Results In the rTMS group,after treatment for 15 days of PSQI and AIS total score pair wise comparison. The results indicate that after treatment 15 days, the difference was statistically significant (P<005). The ALFF were significantly increased in the bilateral frontal lobe, bilateral amygdala, left hippocampus, and left anterior cingulate gyrus. The ALFF value significantly decreased in the bilateral insula (P<005).ConclusionLow frequency rTMS is effective in the treatment of uremic patients with insomnia.