【Abstract】 Objective To explore the correlation between the expression of adipokine chemerin and interleukin1β(IL1β), interleukin6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factoralpha ( TNFα) in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD).Methods 38 patients with RHD (experimental group) and 37 normal healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled in this study. The serum levels of adipokine chemerin, IL1β, IL6 and TNFα were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The expression of adipokine chemerin in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatic heart disease(RHD) was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects (P＜0.05). Compared with the control group, expression of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα was apparently increased in patients with RHD (P＜0.05). The expression of adipokine Chemerin in peripheral blood of patients with RHD was positively correlated with the expression of IL1β, IL6 and TNFα in patients of RHD (P＜0.01).Conclusion Elevated levels of IL1 beta, IL6 and TNFαand increased expression of adipokine chemerin in peripheral blood of patients with RHD are associated with the pathogenesis of RHD. Adipokine chemerin may be involved in the pathogenesis of RHD by regulating the expression of IL1 beta, IL6 and TNF-α.