Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the correlation between serum soluble CD163 (sCD163) expression level in nonalcoholic fatty liver and serological markers of traditional liver fibrosis. Methods 76 children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to April 2017 were selected and divided into nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL group, n=31) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH group, n=45). Another 30 health examinees were set as healthy control group. The sCD163 levels of three groups were compared. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum levels of sCD163 and serum markers of traditional liver fibrosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of serum sCD163 in diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Results The gender, age, weight, BMI, waist circumference, waisttohip ratio, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose levels between the NAFL group and the NASH group had no difference (P>0.05). The serum sCD163 levels of three groups had statistic difference (F=166.72, P<0.001), which was highest in the NASH group than in the healthy control group and the NAFL group (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that serum sCD163 was positively correlated with LN, HA, PCIII and CIV in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (P<0.001). When the serum sCD163 was 8218μg/L, the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity of serum sCD163 in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis were 0.907 (95% Cl: 0.883~0.931), 84.66% and 86.91%. Conclusion The expression level of serum sCD163 in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver is higher than that of normal healthy people, which was positively correlated with the serological markers of traditional liver fibrosis, indicated that the sCD163 can be used as a clinical index to evaluate liver fibrosis.