【Abstract】Objective To investigate the correlation between adiponectin levels in gingival crevicular fluid and the course of diabetic periodontitis. Methods 40 chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 40 periodontitis patients from Jan 2015 to Jan 2017 were selected and divided into CD & P group and P group. At the same time, 40 healthy individuals were selected as control group. The plaque index (PLI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), attachment loss (AL), probing depth (PD) and other periodontal indexes were recorded. Enzymelinked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and hypersensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels. The correlation among the adiponectin and periodontal index and inflammatory factor were also analyzed. Results The levels of PLI, SBI, AL and PD P group and CD & P group were higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05). The adiponectin levels, TNFα and hsCRP levels of control group were different from those of CD & P group and P group (P＜0.05). The adiponectin levels was negatively correlated with PD, AL, TNFα and hsCRP (r=0.321, r=0.435, r=0.443, P＜0.05), and was not correlated with PLI and SBI (r =2.323, r=2.117, P＞0.05). Conclusion The adiponectin levels in gingival crevicular fluid are correlated with AL, PD and local inflammation reaction in patients with periodontitis. Moreover, the decrease of adiponectin level in gingival crevicular fluid may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by influencing bone metabolism and inflammatory reaction.