【Abstract】 Objective To explore the efficacy of leuprolide in the treatment of uterine leiomyoma and its effect on serum Insulinlike growth factor 1 (IGF1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and sex hormone.Methods The clinical data of 62 patients with uterine fibroids admitted in our hospital from April 2016 to May 2017 were selected. 62 patients were divided into control group and observation group. The control group was treated with mifepristone tablets, and the control group was treated with leuprolide. The clinical efficacy and adverse reaction of the two groups after treatment were observed. The levels of serum IGF1, VEGF and sex hormones were observed before and after treatment in both groups.Results The total effective rate was 9355% in the observation group and 6774% in the control group (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in serum hsCRP, IGF1 and VEGF levels between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum hsCRP, IGF1F and VEG in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05), and the levels of serum hsCRP, IGF1 and VEGF in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group (P＜0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of E2, P, HCG, LH, FSH and LH / FSH between the two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, the levels of E2, P and FSH in both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of HCG, LH and LH / FSH were significantly lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05). The levels of E2, P and FSH in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The levels of HCG, LH and LH / FSH in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The adverse reactions were mild in the two groups, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion Leuprorelin can effectively reduce serum IGF1, VEGF levels and improve serum E2, P, HCG, LH, FSH and LH / FSH levels of uterine fibroids with small side effects.