【Abstract】 Objective To investigate GABA expression in HSE children and HSE mice. The expression levels of S100B, TNFα and IL2 in HSE mice were detected before and after GABA receptor agonist used. Methods The HSE children and the control group were collected from 2014 to 2016. The levels of GABA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by ELISA. 40 mice were selected from 50 of 4 year old male C57BL/6 mice for hsv1 (HSE) mouse model. 25 mice model were successfully constructed. The expression levels of GABA or S100B, TNFα and IL-2 in different groups (control group, normal saline group, HSE1 group, HSE2 group HSE2+normal saline group, HSE2+ receptor agonist A group, HSE2+ receptor agonist B group) were detected by ELISA or RTPCR.Results The GABA level of CSF in HSE was significantly lower than that in normal children. Compared with the blank control group and the sham operation group, the GABA of CSF in HSV1 mice was significantly decreased, and the mRNA expression of S100B, TNFα and IL-2 in brain tissue was significantly increased. The mRNA expression of S100B, TNFα and IL2 was significantly decreased after muscimol intervention. Conclusion The GABA levels of CSF were significantly decreased in HSE children or mice. However, the levels of the inflammatory factors including S100B, TNFα and IL-2 in HSE mice were significantly increased. GABA receptor agonists can reduce the intracranial inflammatory factors of HSE mice.