【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of standard channel and micro channel in PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) and its influence on postoperative infection. Methods 100 patients of renal calculi were selected from November 2015 to December 2016 in our hospital and randomly divided into standard channel group and micro channel group. The micro channel used fascia expansion method to establish the F16 standard channel. Channel group with balloon dilation method was established the F24 channel index between the two groups. The postoperative stone clearance rate, intraoperative intrapelvic pressure, rate of postoperative fever, postoperative infection rate, improve the situation of two groups were compared with postoperative renal function indexes before and after the recording and renal outcomes a week after surgery were observed. Results The operation time of standard channel group (4423 + 589min) wea shorter than that of the micro channel group (5612 + 902min). The postoperative bleeding volume of standard channel group (17845 + 2102ml) was less than that of micro channel group (20145 + 2256ml). The postoperative time of standard channel group was shorter that in the micro channel group (P< 0.05). After the operation, the stone clearance rate of standard channel group (92%) was higher than that of the micro channel group (64%). The rate of patients with fever and infection rate of of standard channel group were lower than those in the micro channel group (P<0.05). The renal pelvis pressure of standard channel group was lower than that of the micro channel group (P<0.05). After operation, BUN and Scr of the two group were decreased。 BUN and Scr of the standard channel group was lower than that of the micro channel group (P<0.05). The rate of functional improvement of the standard channel group (80%) was higher than that of micro channel group (40%) (P<0.05).Conclusion For patients with kidney stones standard, channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy can shorten the operation time, induce small renal pelvic pressure during operation, have high stone clearance rate, low infection rate and little effect on renal function.