【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the association of serum TG/HDL, leptin and adiponectin levels with type 2 diabetic retinopathy (Diabetic, retinopathy, DR). Methods〓From January 2015 to December 2016 in our hospital, 194 diabetic patients with T2 were divided into abnormal non diabetic retinopathy (NDR), mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDR), moderate non proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDR) and severe non proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (PDR), and the high risk of diabetic retinopathy (PDR) according to the 2003 DR international clinical staging standard and severity degree. 40 healthy people were selected as healthy control group (NC). The blood biochemical parameters, calculation of TG/HDLC measurement, HbA1C, serum leptin and adiponectin levels of TG/HDL, leptin and adiponectin and DR lesions were measured. Results〓There there was no significant difference between groups TC and LDLC (P＞ 005). HDLC and TG/HDLC were statistically significant difference (P＜005). Each group had a significant difference between serum leptin and serum adiponectin levels (P＜005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SBP and HDLC had no correlation with the severity of DR (P＞ 005), TG/HDLC, serum leptin and the severity of DR was positive (B=1838, B=0195, P＜005). The serum adiponectin and the severity of DR (B=0609, P＜005) were negative correlation. Conclusion〓TG/HDL and serum leptin levels were independent risk factors of retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin is a protective factor of type 2 diabetic retinopathy. TG/HDL, serum leptin and Adiponectin may have the prediction, evaluation and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and provide clinical evidence.