【Abstract】 Kca3.1 channel is an important Ca2+Activated K+ Channels which was expressed in various cells(epithelial cell, endothelial cell, fibroblast, smooth muscle cell, Immune cell, et al). It has been found that Kca3.1 could regulate cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Many studies had already elucidated the association between the Kca3.1 and malignant tumors, airway remodeling, vascular stenosis, renal fibrosis, anemia and other diseases. The review summarized the biological and electrophysiological characteristics, the mechanisms (proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis) of the channel. Furthermore, we will discuss systematically the role of Kca3.1 and regulations involved in multisystem diseases.