【Abstract】 Objective To observe the effects of four different pollutants on the levels of serum myoglobin and brain natriuretic peptide in rats. Methods 70 adult SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (10 rats), the vehicle exhaust group (15 rats), the coal smoke group (15 rats), the burning straw group (15 rats), and the natural air group (15 rats). According to the same concentration of 1mg/ml, the vehicle exhaust, soot, burning straw, natural air particulate suspension (1 time, 01ml, 10 days) were respectively injected into the trachea. The levels of serum myoglobin (Mb) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in 5 groups were detected by chemiluminescence. The survival rate of myocardial cells was detected by cck8, and the pathological changes of myocardium were observed. Results The levels of Mb in the serum of rats in the study group were all increased, which reached the peak within a certain time. There were also such fluctuations in the BNP level in the serum, and the peak time of the BNP and the recovery time tonormal levelwerelater than thoseof Mb, but the increase was large. In the automobile exhaust group, the soot group and the natural air group, HM/BM was significantly elevated, with varying degrees of myocardial infiltration, edema, degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis. The survival rate of myocardial cells decreased significantly. The change of HM/BM in the straw group was not obvious, and the myocardial pathology showed mild myocardial edema, degeneration, no significant increase in HM/BM, and the survival rate of myocardial cells was not obvious. Conclusion High concentration of automobile exhaust, soot, burning straw and natural air particles can cause myocardial damage in rats. The levels of myoglobin (Mb) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in rat serum were found to be significant in determining the degree of myocardial damage in rats.