Objective To analyze the risk factors for catheter related infections in patients undergoing longterm dialysis. Methods 80 patients undergoing longterm hemodialysis were divided into the infected group (n=35, 39 times of infections) and the uninfected group (n=45). The basic data, some laboratory indexes and catheter infections related factors were investigated retrospectively and analyzed statistically. Results 39 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated in the infected group, among which gram positive bacteria accounted for 51.28% and gramnegative bacteria accounted for 48.72%. There were no significant differences between the two groups in basic data such as gender, type of disease, cardiac function, duration of hemodialysis, serum creatinine, triglyceride, blood pressure and anemia (P＞0.05). Compared with the uninfected group, the proportions of elderly patients, patients with malnutrition and patients with diabetes mellitus were significantly higher, levels of serum albumin and hemoglobin were significantly lower in the infected group (P＜0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups in catheter indwelling time, site, times of cathetering and protection compliance (P＜0.05). Multivariate Logisttic regression analysis showed that serum hemoglobin, albumin, malnutrition, diabetes, catheter indwelling time, catheter indwelling site, times of cathetering and protection compliance were the risk factors for catheterrelated infections in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (P＜0.05). Conclusion Targeted preventive measures should be taken according to the risk factors for catheter related infections such as low serum hemoglobin and albumin, malnutrition, diabetes and long catheter indwelling time to avoid or reduce catheterrelated infections, and improve the therapeutic effect of hemodialysis.