【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the correlation between human papilloma virus infection and vaginal bacterial(HPV) infection in cervical cancer. Methods From February 2014 to January 2017, 150 cervical cancer patients in our hospital were selected as the observation group. 150 patients of chronic cervicitis with non cervical cancer were selected as the control group. The vaginal and cervical samples in the two groups were collected. The HPVDNA positive infection and detection of vaginal bacteria were recorded. Results In the observation group, there were detected in 90 cases of HPVDNA infection. The positive rate of the observation group was 60%. The control group were detected in 40 cases of HPVDNA infection and the positive rate was 267%. The positive rate of HPVDNA in observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P＜005). In the observation group, there were 78 cases of vaginal bacteria and the detection rate was 52%. There were 60 cases of Gram negative bacteria and 18 cases of Gram positive bacteria. In the control group, there were 70 cases of vaginal bacteria and the detection rate was 467%. There were 55 cases of Gram negative bacteria and 15 cases of Gram positive bacteria. The vaginal bacterial infection detection rate of the two groups were not significant difference (X2=0087, P＜005). In the observation group, there was no significant difference between HPVDNA infection status and vaginal bacterial infection (X2=0872, P＞005). Linear correlation analysis showed that there was no correlation between HPV infection and vaginal bacterial infection in cervical cancer patients (r=0092, P＞005). Conclusion The positive rate of HPV in patients with cervical cancer is higher than that in chronic cervicitis patients. The pathogen detection rate is higher and the detection rate of Gram negative bacteria in the first place. The vagina bacterial infection of HPV infection to promote the development of cervical cancer needs further analysis.