【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Petrolatum gauze in reducing the leakage of urine after the extubation of nephrostomy tube in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods 359 patients with PCNL from January 2016 to December 2016 were divided into the experimental group (n=180) and the control group (n=179), according to random number table. In the control group, we removed nephrostomy tube according to the traditional method and the patients took contralateral decubitus. Whereas, in the experimental group, we used 10x10cm Petrolatum gauze plugged in the stoma after removing nephrostomy tube, and the patients took contralateral decubitus. The occurrence of urinary leakage, duration of urinary leakage, occurrence of stoma complication and the fistula healing time, patient comfort, the workload of medical staff were compared between the two groups. Results The number of patients that emerged urinary leakage and duration of urinary leakage in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P＜005). The complication of stoma, the healing time of fistula and the workload of medical staff in experimental group were all significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜005). However, patients in the experimental group had more comfortable feeling than that of control group (P＜005). Conclusion Petrolatum gauze would be a more effective strategy for preventing leakage of urine and reducing duration of urinary leakage, lowering the incidence of kidney fistula complications. Petrolatum gauze can also promote the healing of the fistula, improve comfort of nephrostomy fistula after PCNL. In general, this method is easy to operate and can reduce the workload of medical staff.