【Abstract】 Esophageal cancer is one of the major threatening human healthy. With more and more esophageal cancer research available, many biomarkers were found by researchers. These biomarkers have been used to diagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma, evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis estimation. Through literature search in our manuscript, we reviewed the reported about the biomarker of risk factor, early diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma, evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis estimation to provide the basis for diagnosis, treatment and prevention.