【Abstract】〓Objective〓To analyze the clinical data of patients after cranioplasty and evaluate risk factors of epidural fluid collection as a complication of cranioplasty.Methods〓The clinical data of 204 patients after cranioplasty from July 2012 to June 2015 were analyzed. The age, gender, initial diagnosis, timing between cranioplasty, size of bone flap, epidural air bubbles, dural calcification, and depressed skull defects were analyzed as influencing factors. Chisquare test was used to select risk factors for epidural fluid collection after cranioplasty. Logistic regression analysis was used to define the independent risk factors.Results〓The incidence of epidural fluid collection after cranioplasty was 16.2%. The logistic regression analysis showed that epidural air bubbles and dural calcification was independent risk factor of epidural fluid collection after cranioplasty.Conclusion〓Special attention should be aroused, when epidural pneumatosis after cranioplasty and dural calcification during cranioplasty. It plays an important role in assessment and protection of epidural fluid collection after cranioplasty.