Abstract:【Abstract】Objective To detect the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2related factor2 and heme oxygenase-1 in all sample tissues, study the significances of Nrf-2 and HO-1 in the development and the early diagnosis of gastric cancer and investigate the relevance between Nrf-2 and HO-1 and the mechanism in the process of gastric mucosal canceration. Methods Immunohistochemistry EnVisionmethod was used to detect the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 in each group and the relationship between Nrf-2 and HO-1 in various lesions of the gastric mucosa. The correlation with clinical pathological characteristics of gastric cancer were analyzed. Results The differences between normal group and severe atypical hyperplasia group (P=0.014), gastric cancer group (P=0.000) were statistically significance which the positive expression of Nrf-2. The differences between intestinal metaplasia group and gastric cancer group(P=0.006) were statistically significance which the positive expression of Nrf-2. The differences between mildmoderate atypical hyperplasia group and gastric cancer group(P=0.004) were statistically significance which the positive expression of Nrf-2. The differences between the rest groups were not statistically significance. The differences between normal group and severe atypical hyperplasia group(P=0.002),gastric cancer group(P=0.000) were statistically significance which the positive expression of HO-1. The differences between intestinal metaplasia group and gastric cancer group(P=0.016) were statistically significance which the positive expression of HO-1. The differences between mildmoderate atypical hyperplasia group and gastric cancer group(P=0.009) were statistically significance which the positive expression of HO-1. The differences between the rest groups were not statistically significance. The differences of Nrf-2 and HO-1 were not statistically significance in different age, gender, tumor size and degree of tumor differentiation(P>0.05). Tthe differences were statistically significance in different depth of invasion of the gastric wall, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion This experiment suggesting that both Nrf-2 and HO-1 may play an important role in occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Joint detection of the two proteins may have important significance for gastric cancer screening of highrisk population, early diagnosis of gastric cancer and judgment of prognosis.