【Abstract】 Objective To explore and analyze the effect and safety of olanzapine combined with diazepam on the treatment of acute agitation.Methods From January 2015 to January 2016 in our hospital, 120 psychiatric patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The control group was treated with haloperidol treatment. The observation group were treated with olanzapine combined with diazepam. The positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), PANSS-EC, therapeutic effect and adverse reaction incidence were observed. Results The score of PANSS-EC of observation group and control group was significant different. The score of PANSSEC of observation group and control group decreased after treatment. The score of PANSSEC and total score of PANSS of observation group after treatment more obviously decreased than that of control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of observation group (91.7%) was higher than that of control group (73.3%) (P<0.05). The headache, dry mouth and arrhythmia rate of observation group and control group were not different (P<0.05). The incidence of akathisia and constipation of observation group were less than that of control group (P<0.05). The total adverse reaction rate of observation group was less than that of control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Olanzapine combined with diazepam treatment of psychiatric patients can effectively control the symptoms of patients with acute agitation and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in patients.