【Abstract】 Objective To observe the expressions of cofilinactin rods in hippocampus of rats suffering from chronic cerebral hypoperfusionMethods By using the method of random number table, 25 healthy male SD rats were divided into chronic cerebral hypoperfusion group and sham operation group. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model group was prepared by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. The sham operation group with the former method, but only separated the bilateral common carotid artery without ligation. Morris water maze was used to assess the spatial learning and memory abilities, and the expressions of cofilinactin rod and synaptophysion in hippocampus were estimated by double immunofluorescent labeling method. Results The abilities of spatial learning and memory in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion groups were significantly decreased, and the expressions of synaptophysion in hippocampus were also degraded compared with the sham operation group. Importantly, cofilinactin rod formation induced a significant loss of synaptophysin puncta. Conclusion Cofilinactin rod may contribute to synaptic loss and were associated with the cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats.