【Abstract】With the acceleration of population ageing process, the rapid growth of the disease burden of cerebrovascular disease. Mitochondria in agingrelated aging in recent years in diseases of the nervous system get more and more attention. Physiological mitochondrial aging is one of important mechanism about ischemic brain damage, and ischemic brain damage can accelerate process of pathological mitochondrial aging. Ischemia and mitochondrial aging promote each other, creating a vicious circle, which may has important meaning in ischemic brain damage and the post stroke cognitive impairment. So, if further discuss related mechanism may on reveals brain vascular disease related pathogenic mechanism, and explore new idea for stroke prevention technology.