【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the relationship of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in patients with primary hypertension. Methods 68 patients with primary hypertension were recruited in this study. They were divided into two groups including a group of blood pressure control and a group of blood pressure out of control based on data of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM).26 healthy subjects were recruited as control group. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), urinal neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (uNGAL) and cystatin C (Cys C) were determined by relevant laboratory methods in all included individuals. Results Urinal NGAL levels were significantly increased in hypertensive patients with blood pressure control when compared with healthy individuals［(339±058) VS(124±051) ng/ml, P=0009］, and uNGAL levels were higher in hypertensive patients with blood pressure out of control group than that in blood pressure control group［(387±083) VS (339±058) ng/ml, P＜0001］. There was no significant statistical difference between hypertensive group and normal control group on ACR, eGFR and Cys C. However, Cys C levels were higher in blood pressure out of control group than that in blood pressure control group［(110±025) VS (096±018) mg/l, P=0043］.Moreover, uNGAL was positively correlated with Cys C (r=0287，P=0005) and systolic pressure (r=0370，P＜0001). Conclusion Tubulointerstitial injury is present in the early stage of hypertensive nephropathy and may precede glomerular damage. The increasing uNGAL is clinically significant for the early assessment of hypertensive nephropathy.