Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To explore the effect of calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A on immune regulation of patients with tuberculous pleurisy through invitro. Methods 30 male patients with confirmed tuberculous pleurisy were selected as subjects. The pleural effusion was collected by aseptic technique before treatment. The cells were isolated by human lymphocyte separating medium and adherent culture method. After cell purification, the cell types were tested by immunocytochemistry staining, and the cell concentration was 1×106/ml. The pleural effusion samples were equally divided into blank control group (without drug intervention), polyresistin control group (concentrations were 01μg/ml, 100μg/ml and 500μg/ml) and the experimental group (concentrations were 100μg/ml, 300μg/ml and 500μg/ml). The culture medium in twelvehole culture plate was 2ml. In blank control group, different concentrations of polyresistin control group and experimental group, 3 accessory foraminas were set up, corresponding to 3 different time points (0h, 24h and 72h). By enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the concentrations of interferon gamma (IFNγ), transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), interleukin4 (IL4) and interleukin12 (IL12) in supernatant and culture medium were detected at different time points. Results The results of immunochemical ABC showed that the majority of cells in the pleural effusion of 30 patients were brown, with CD4+ antigenic determinant, and were identified as CD4+T lymphocytes. At 24h and 72h, the levels of IL12 and IFNγ in the three groups were significantly lower than those at 0h (P<005) but the test results at 72h were significantly higher than those at 24h (P<005). At 24h and 72h, after treated with different concentrations of drugs, the levels of IL12 and IFNγ in the experimental group and the polyresistin control group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P<005). At 24h and 72h, the levels of TGFβ and IL4 in the three groups were significantly lower than those at 0h (P<005) and the test results at 72h were significantly lower than those at 24h (P<005); At 24h and 72h, after being treated with different concentrations of drugs, the levels of TGFβ and IL4 in the experimental group and the polyresistin control group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (P<005). ConclusionCyclosporineA has some immunomodulatory effects on patients with tuberculous pleurisy, and the prognosis is favorable.